Preterm birth refers to the delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of pregnancy have been completed. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as multiple pregnancies, infections, chronic conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, or certain lifestyle factors like smoking or drug use. Preterm birth can result in a range of health complications for the baby, including respiratory issues, neurological problems, and developmental delays. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes of preterm birth, developing interventions to prevent it, and improving outcomes for preterm babies. This includes studies on risk factors, maternal health interventions, and neonatal care practices.